stress gradient

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• Stress migration — is a failure mechanism that often occurs in IC metallization (aluminum, copper). Voids form as result of vacancy migration driven by the hydrostatic stress gradient. Large voids may lead to open circuit or unacceptable resistance increase that… …   Wikipedia

• Stress (physics) — Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area. It is a measure of the intensity of the total internal forces acting within a body across imaginary internal surfaces, as a reaction to external applied forces and body… …   Wikipedia

• Stress (mechanics) — Continuum mechanics …   Wikipedia

• Stress measures — The most commonly used measure of stress is the Cauchy stress. However, several other measures of stress can be defined. Some such stress measures that are widely used in continuum mechanics, particularly in the computational context, are [J.… …   Wikipedia

• Échographie de stress — L échocardiographie de stress est une modalité d échocardiographie consistant à visualiser et à analyser les modifications de la contraction du muscle cardiaque lors d un stress constitué par un effort ou par injection de certains médicaments.… …   Wikipédia en Français

• Shear stress — SI symbol: τ SI unit: pascal Derivations from other quantities: τ = F / A …   Wikipedia

• Effective stress — Karl von Terzaghi first proposed the relationship for effective stress in 1936. [http://fbe.uwe.ac.uk/public/geocal/SoilMech/stresses/stresses.htm] For him, the term ‘effective’ meant the calculated stress that was effective in moving soil, or… …   Wikipedia

• Residual stress — Residual stresses are stresses that remain after the original cause of the stresses (external forces, heat gradient) has been removed. They remain along a cross section of the component, even without the external cause. Residual stresses occur… …   Wikipedia

• Sucrose gradient centrifugation — is a type of centrifugation often used to purify enveloped viruses (with densities 1.1 1.2 g/cm³) and ribosomes, and also to separate cell organelles from crude cellular extracts. This method is also used to purify exosomes. [cite journal |… …   Wikipedia

• Wall stress relaxation — refers to the reduction in tensile stress (force per unit area) in cell walls of plants, fungi and bacteria, as a result of movement or rearrangement of the polymeric network that gives the wall its tensile strength. Wall stress usually comes… …   Wikipedia

• Electromigration — is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. The effect is important in applications where high direct current… …   Wikipedia